Removal efficiency of phenol by ozonation process with calcium peroxide from aqueous solutions

Zhila Honarmandrad,Mohammad Malakootian,Neda Javid

doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01344-7

Abstract

Phenol has been introduced as a priority pollutant by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are one of the most efficient methods for removal of non-degradable organic pollutants in aqueous solutions. The removal efficiencies of phenol and COD under optimal conditions pH = 3, phenol concentration = 5 mg/L, CaO2 concentration = 0.025 mg/L, temperature 25 °C, 1 g/min ozonation rate and contact time = 90 min in synthetic and real samples (Zarand coal washing factory in Kerman) were obtained 97.8%, 87% and 80%, 65.4%, respectively. The kinetics of phenol decomposition follows from the pseudo-first-order equation. Thermodynamic studies show that phenol decomposition with ozonation and calcium peroxide is an endothermic process. The use of ozonation process with calcium peroxide is an efficient method and can be recommended as a coefficient method for the removal of phenol.

Highlights

Phenol is present in the sewage of various industries such as coal, resin, paint, fungicides and herbicides, textile, pulp, petrochemicals, pharmacy and plastics (Busca et al 2008; Kidak and Ince 2007; Leitão et al 2007)
Different advanced oxidation processes have been used for the removal of organic pollutants from water and wastewater such as ozonation (Khan et al 2010; Honarmandrad et al 2017; Honarmandrad and Malakootian 2018), photo-fenton (Bautitz and Nogueira 2007), photocatalytic processes (Malakootian et al 2016, 2015, 2013, 2018; Gharaghani and Malakootian 2017; Honarmandrad et al 2017; Honarmandrad and Malakootian 2018) and the use of ultrasonic (Seid-Mohammadi et al 2016)
Removal efficiency was decreased by increasing pH so that removal efficiency with contact time of 90 min and pH = 11 in synthetic sample was 45%

Summary

Introduction

Phenol is present in the sewage of various industries such as coal, resin, paint, fungicides and herbicides, textile, pulp, petrochemicals, pharmacy and plastics (Busca et al 2008; Kidak and Ince 2007; Leitão et al 2007). Different advanced oxidation processes have been used for the removal of organic pollutants from water and wastewater such as ozonation (Khan et al 2010; Honarmandrad et al 2017; Honarmandrad and Malakootian 2018), photo-fenton (Bautitz and Nogueira 2007), photocatalytic processes (Malakootian et al 2016, 2015, 2013, 2018; Gharaghani and Malakootian 2017; Honarmandrad et al 2017; Honarmandrad and Malakootian 2018) and the use of ultrasonic (Seid-Mohammadi et al 2016). Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are based on physicochemical processes that produce in situ powerful transitory species, principally hydroxyl radicals (HO), by using chemical and/or other forms of energy, and have a high efficiency for organic matter oxidation; under proper conditions the species to be removed are converted completely to C O2, H2O and innocuous mineral salts. Combination of two or more AOPs expectedly enhances free radical generation, which eventually leads to higher oxidation rates (Agustina et al 2005)

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