REMOTIZATION AND RAPPROCHEMENT BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE EAST: P. BOULEZ, K. STOCKHAUSEN, T. TAKEMITSU

Abstract

The theme of East and West is represented by the trajectory of three composers: Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Toru Takemitsu. The statements of P. Boulez about the Western and Eastern concepts of listening to music are considered, the influence of C. Debussy, O. Messiaen and P. Klee and on the formation of his interest in the East is briefly highlighted as well as Orientalism as a stylistic feature of Boulez's music. The influence of the book “The Human Cycle” by Sri Aurobindo on the meditation method of Karlheinz Stockhausen is emphasized. Some aspects of "Mantra" (1970) - “Europeanized meditative music” are analyzed: serial-melodic characteristics of the “formula”; equipment and “unique sound world” (live electronics, ring modulators; types of articulation; architectonics, space-time formula transformations; 13 main sections; “galactic” vector, analysis of the first section). Along with the interpretation of the form in the composition “November Steps” (1967) by the Japanese composer T. Takemitsu, a comparison of a Western orchestra with Eastern instruments is considered. The conditionality of the features of biwa and shakuhachi notation by the art of improvisation (symbols of intervals, out-of-bar rhythmics, parameters of intensity of sound production and physicality in the use of voice, breathing and finger technique; active inclusion of noise in a variety of performing techniques) is shown. An integrated approach is used as a combination of elements of comparative studies and the structural-phenomenological method (the focus of consciousness on structures).