Remote Sensing-Enhanced Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones in the Wadi Waj, Western Saudi Arabia: An AHP-GIS Framework

Abstract

This study represents a thorough investigation into groundwater potential within a substantial basin situated in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Fueled by the escalating demand for potable water, agricultural irrigation, and industrial applications, a profound understanding of the capacity of underground water reservoirs, or aquifers, is imperative. Leveraging advanced techniques, this research integrates Geographic Information System (GIS), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and remote sensing data to conduct a comprehensive assessment and mapping of groundwater potential zones (GWPZ). The evaluation process involves the meticulous analysis of several thematic layers: geology, slope, land use, lineament densities, soil characteristics, drainage density, and rainfall. The AHP method is then employed to assign weights to each class within the thematic maps, considering the unique characteristics of each parameter and its consequential influence on water potential. The resultant GWPZ map classifies the region into five distinct zones: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, providing a nuanced understanding of groundwater potential across the basin. By leveraging the synergy of GIS, AHP, and remote sensing data, this research contributes valuable insights into the nuanced intricacies of groundwater potential assessment. The developed methodology can be adapted for similar regions globally, emphasizing the importance of integrating cutting-edge technologies to address critical challenges associated with sustainable water resource management amidst increasing global demands. The findings of this research can inform decision-making processes for sustainable water resource management in the basin, helping to prioritize areas for groundwater development and conservation efforts.