Abstract
One factor of precision agriculture is remote sensing, through which we can monitor vegetation health and condition. Much research has been conducted in the field of remote sensing and agriculture analyzing the applications, while the reviews gather the research on this field and examine different scientific methodologies. This work aims to gather the existing vegetation indices used in viticulture, which were calculated from imagery acquired by remote sensing platforms such as satellites, airplanes and UAVs. In this review we present the vegetation indices, the applications of these and the spatial distribution of the research on viticulture from the early 2000s. A total of 143 publications on viticulture were reviewed; 113 of them had used remote sensing methods to calculate vegetation indices, while the rejected ones have used proximal sensing methods. The findings show that the most used vegetation index is NDVI, while the most frequently appearing applications are monitoring and estimating vines water stress and delineation of management zones. More than half of the publications use multitemporal analysis and UAVs as the most used among remote sensing platforms. Spain and Italy are the countries with the most publications on viticulture with one-third of the publications referring to regional scale whereas the others to site-specific/vineyard scale. This paper reviews more than 90 vegetation indices that are used in viticulture in various applications and research topics, and categorized them depending on their application and the spectral bands that they are using. To summarize, this review is a guide for the applications of remote sensing and vegetation indices in precision viticulture and vineyard assessment.
Highlights
Viticulture has existed for more than 5000 years in ancient Egypt [1]; many cultures use wine as a main factor in their food culture
The aim of this review was to gather all the vegetation indices and applications which have been used in viticulture with remote sensing methods
Methodologies based on spectroradiometer-produced vegetation indices are not included in this review due to proximal sensing which requires the presence of a human in the field
Summary
Viticulture has existed for more than 5000 years in ancient Egypt [1]; many cultures use wine as a main factor in their food culture. To increase production in agriculture, technologies were introduced in the 1990s to convert agriculture to “precision agriculture” [2]. The first results and applications of precision agriculture were published in 1999. In the same year precision viticulture (PV), which is a sector of precision agriculture focusing on the vineyard, started to be introduced. The main objective is to manage the variability on yield and development dividing the vineyard into management zones. With this management the yield is increased and the environmental impact is reduced, which translates into an increase in economy [3]
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