Abstract
The history of remote sensing and development of different sensors for environmental and natural resources mapping and data acquisition is reviewed and reported. Application examples in urban studies, hydrological modeling such as land-cover and floodplain mapping, fractional vegetation cover and impervious surface area mapping, surface energy flux and micro-topography correlation studies is discussed. The review also discusses the use of remotely sensed-based rainfall and potential evapotranspiration for estimating crop water requirement satisfaction index and hence provides early warning information for growers. The review is not an exhaustive application of the remote sensing techniques rather a summary of some important applications in environmental studies and modeling.
Highlights
The use of remotely-sensed data in natural resources mapping and as source of input data for environmental processes modeling has been popular in recent years
Meteorological satellite sensor remote sensing era: The early meteorological satellite sensors consisted of geo-synchronous Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and polarorbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (Kramer, 2002)
This can be maximized by using data from multiple sensors (Table 1). Since data from these sensors are acquired in multiple resolution, multiple bandwidth, and in varying conditions, they need to be harmonized and synthesized before being used (Thenkabail et al, 2004). This will help normalize for sensor characteristics such as pixel sizes, radiometry, spectral domain, and time of acquisitions, as well as for scales
Summary
Note: a = Of the 242 bands, 196 are unique and calibrated. These are: (A) Band 8 (427.55 nm) to band 57 (925.85 nm) that are acquired by visible and near-infrared (VNIR) sensor; and (B) Band 79. (932.72 nm) to band 224 (2395.53 nm) that are acquired by short wave infrared (SWIR) sensor b = First band is panchromatic, rest Multi-Spectral
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