Remote Sensing of Coastal Upwelling Dynamics in the Eastern Indian Ocean off Java, Role of ENSO and IOD

Abstract

The South Coast of Java is an area with an intensity of coastal upwelling caused by the Monsoon Winds (Trade Winds). Coastal Upwelling phenomenon will affect oceanographic conditions, especially in areas near Coastal. Also, this region is affected by several regional climate anomalies such as EI Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). This study will analyze how the strength of these two phenomena on the intensity of coastal upwelling. Coastal Upwelling is calculated based on Cross Shore Ekman Transport, Upwelling Index (UI), and Coastal-Offshore SST gradient in South Coast of Java. Based on Partial Correlation Analysis is showing the impact of each of these phenomena on coastal upwelling and oceanographic parameters in both the adjacent coastal and offshore regions. The result show of the analysis using partial correlation shows that the effect of IOD is more significant than ENSO on the intensity of Upwelling and Variability of Oceanographic Parameters in South Coast of Java. The anomaly of UIsst, UIwind, and Chlorophyll-a show that during IOD years is a higher impact on coastal upwelling than during ENSO event.