Abstract
We aimed investigate the effects of 45 min of ischemia followed by 72 h of intestinal reperfusion (IR) in the ileum, liver, lungs, and kidneys in Wistar rats and the responses of these organs to curcumin treatment. Ischemia was induced by occluding the superior mesenteric artery. Rats were treated orally with 40 mg/kg curcumin. We analyzed oxidative stress and inflammation in the ileum, liver, lungs, and kidneys. Intestinal IR led to a reduction of reduced glutathione levels in the intestine, lungs, and kidneys and increased lipid hydroperoxide levels in all organs. An increase in the enzymatic activity of catalase was observed in all organs, and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity was observed in the ileum and lungs. Glutathione s-transferase levels increased only in the kidneys. Myeloperoxidase increased in all four organs, and n-acetyl-glycosaminidase increased only in the ileum and lungs. Curcumin prevented all of the changes in the ileum and liver. In the lungs, curcumin had no effect on n-acetyl-glycosaminidase. Curcumin did not prevent the changes in reduced glutathione, lipid hydroperoxides, or myeloperoxidase in the kidneys. Intestinal IR caused oxidative stress and inflammation in the ileum, lungs, and kidneys and to a lesser degree in the liver. Because of its systemic distribution, curcumin prevented changes mainly in the ileum, lungs, and liver and to a lesser degree in the kidneys.
Highlights
Intestinal ischemia is characterized by a decrease in or suspended blood supply to an organ that is caused by trauma or pathological processes, such as mesenteric embolism, thrombosis, hernia, hemorrhagic shock, hypovolemic shock, infection, abdominal angina, and small bowel transplantation (Mallick et al, 2004)
The present study found that 45 min of intestinal ischemia followed by 72 h of reperfusion caused oxidative stress in the different organs that were studied
This damage can be explained by a sequence of biochemical reactions that occur after ischemia and throughout the intestinal reperfusion period
Summary
Intestinal ischemia is characterized by a decrease in or suspended blood supply to an organ that is caused by trauma or pathological processes, such as mesenteric embolism, thrombosis, hernia, hemorrhagic shock, hypovolemic shock, infection, abdominal angina, and small bowel transplantation (Mallick et al, 2004). Ischemia causes a metabolic imbalance in tissue that can lead to tissue damage These lesions are aggravated at the moment blood flow is reestablished (i.e., reperfusion) (Stallion et al, 2002). The intestinal epithelial barrier is disturbed during ischemia, a condition that causes bacterial translocation At this point, the immune system is activated, causing systemic inflammation that can result in multiple organ failure, such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys (Vinardi et al, 2003). Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound that is derived from Curcuma longa with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties It is a natural substance with potential to mitigate damage after ischemic disease (Fan et al, 2014; Guzel et al, 2013; Lin, 2007). Considering that several organs are being studied, we search for an antioxidant that, in low dose, has a positive effect on all of them
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