Abstract

Several decades of eye related research has shown how valuable eye gaze data are for applications that are essential to human daily life. Eye gaze data in a broad sense has been used in research and systems for eye movements, eye tracking, and eye gaze tracking. Since early 2000, eye gaze tracking systems have emerged as interactive gaze-based systems that could be remotely deployed and operated, known as remote eye gaze tracking (REGT) systems. The drop point of visual attention known as point of gaze (PoG), and the direction of visual attention known as line of sight (LoS), are important tasks of REGT systems. In this paper, we present a comparative evaluation of REGT systems intended for the PoG and LoS estimation tasks regarding past to recent progress. Our literature evaluation presents promising insights on key concepts and changes recorded over time in hardware setup, software process, application, and deployment of REGT systems. In addition, we present current issues in REGT research for future attempts.

Highlights

  • The speed of eye movements, regularity of blinks, lengths of fixations, and patterns of visual search behavior are all significant to how a person is responding to any kind of visual stimulus [1]

  • These capabilities were explored even further in the fourth period for the remote deployments shown in Figure 1g–k, which were described as remote eye gaze tracking (REGT) systems in [7,8]

  • Eye gaze tracking is used for estimating the direction of visual attention known as line of sight (LoS); see early [18] and recent [19,20,21] research attempts

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Summary

Introduction

The speed of eye movements, regularity of blinks, lengths of fixations, and patterns of visual search behavior are all significant to how a person is responding to any kind of visual stimulus [1]. Eye research and systems have progressed over four distinct periods distinguishable by the type of data they provided and the nature of their intrusiveness The progress achieved in hardware processors and image processing techniques paved the way for nonintrusive gaze tracking applications in the third period [6] These capabilities were explored even further in the fourth period for the remote deployments shown in Figure 1g–k, which were described as remote eye gaze tracking (REGT) systems in [7,8]

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