Remnant Cholesterol and Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Community Population with Normal Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Abstract

Introduction: Remnant cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are normal. However, there are few studies on the relationship between remnant cholesterol and subclinical atherosclerosis. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) is an imaging marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between remnant cholesterol and cIMT in a community population with normal LDL-C. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis; 1,101 community population with available carotid artery imaging and fasting lipid data with LDL-C <4.1 mmol/L were included in this analysis. Remnant cholesterol was calculated as total cholesterol minus LDL-C minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Abnormal cIMT was defined as maximum cIMT value ≥1 mm. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationships between remnant cholesterol levels and abnormal cIMT. Results: As the remnant cholesterol level increased from the lowest to the highest quartile, the rate of abnormal cIMT increased from 24.5% to 38.6% (p trend <0.001) in the community population with normal LDL-C level. In the unadjusted model, the odds ratios (ORs, 95% confidence intervals) in the highest quartile group were 1.937 (1.338–2.803) for abnormal cIMT compared with the lowest quartile. The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) for the highest versus lowest quartile of remnant cholesterol were 2.132 (1.420–3.202) for abnormal cIMT. Conclusion: Elevated fasting remnant cholesterol levels were positively associated with abnormal cIMT in community population with normal LDL-C levels. Remnant cholesterol may be an important indicator of risk stratification in community population with normal LDL-C level.