Remineralization Potential of Mints Containing Bioactive Agents in Artificially Induced Root Caries

Abstract

This study investigated the remineralization effect of experimental mint formulations containing bioactive agents (xylitol; green tea extract, GT; and amorphous calcium phosphate, ACP) in the progression of artificially induced root caries. Root caries lesions were induced by demineralization solution (pH 4.6; 96 h; 37°C). The lesions were treated with mint A, mint B, mint C, xylitol, GT, ACP, or remineralization solution (RS; negative control). Specimens were pH-cycled through treatments (5×/day; 3 min) and 6 cycles of acidic (pH 5.0; 30 min) and neutral (pH 7.0; 10 min) buffers for 8 days. Bacterial collagenase (Clostridium histolyticum) was used overnight to simulate proteolytic challenge. Caries depth and porosity as well as mineral density were estimated using fluorescence microscopy (n = 15) and microcomputed tomography (n = 6). Analysis of variance (ANOVA, α = 0.05) showed no statistically significant difference in caries depth among all groups (p = 0.172). The highest fluorescence intensity decrease was observed for GT followed by mint C, with no significant difference between them (p = 0.868). There were significant differences among GT and mints A, B, and C when compared to RS (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in fluorescence intensity were observed among ACP, xylitol, and RS (p > 0.05). The mineral density of the lesions in GT, mints A, B, and C, and ACP was statistically similar (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than that in RS (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between xylitol and RS (p = 0.728). The experimental mints showed remineralization action on artificial root caries, and GT was found to be the main active ingredient in the investigated formulations.