Abstract
New Philadelphia was located in western Illinois about 25 miles east of the Mississippi River, and developed as a small multiracial and rural community from 1836 onward. It is the earliest known town in the United States to have been planned and legally founded by a free African American. Remnants of this town, which was founded by Frank McWorter, survived into the 20th century. From 2004 to 2006, a collaborative research project and summer field schools in archaeology, supported by the National Science Foundation’s Research Experiences for Undergraduates program, helped to explore several lots throughout the town site that once belonged to residents of both European American and African American descent. Analysis of landscapes, archaeology, and the documentary record has helped to develop a more comprehensive picture of life in a rural frontier community and past dynamics of class, gender, ethnicity, and racism.
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