Remediation of Dyes in Water using Green Synthesized Nanoparticles (NPs)

Abstract

With the rapid growth of population and increasing urbanization and industrialization, environmental pollution is becoming a serious concern worldwide. Different type of pollutants is released into the water bodies enormously from the expansive range of industries. Among all the pollutants, dyes are the major used noxious waste discharged by these productions. Even at minute content (less than 1ppm), dyes are posing a detrimental threat to the ecosystem and human health risks. Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as an efficient technology for the remediation of environmental pollutants from water. Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can be done to degrade molecules of dyes in wastewater. Various nanoparticles such as iron, palladium, and cerium dioxide using Camellia sinensis, Boswellta serrata, and Azardirachta indica extracts have been reported successfully for the remediation of various dyes like rhodamine B, methylene blue, etc. Removal of dyes from the wastewater using green synthesized nanoparticles with the help of microbes or plant extracts is a sustainable technique, i.e., by the use of this technique, our environment will not get polluted, and its quality will also be maintained. The present review discusses the classification of dyes, nanoparticle formation by using microbes and plant extract, and, finally, the remediation of dye using such nanoparticles.