Abstract
During rescue operations related to the elimination of the effects of industrial accidents or natural disasters, extinguishing agents are used that affect the migration and transformation of contamination in the environment. Firefighting foam sprayed onto an oil spill slowly drains to an aqueous solution and penetrates the soil. The role of surfactants in the removal of petroleum derivatives is well known, but such extinguishing agents also contain solvents, preservatives, corrosion inhibitors and other ingredients that can reduce the beneficial effect of surfactants on soil remediation. The article presents the results of research on the remediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel and enhanced with firefighting agents used to extinguish fires or remove oil spills on the road. The obtained results of biodegradation and leaching studies indicate differences in the efficiency of diesel fuel removal from soils. It was also found that Wet 1% reduces the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil compared to oily samples not wetted with extinguishing solutions. Chromatographic analyses have shown both the hydrocarbons degradation and the possibility of their transformation into more hazardous compounds. The effectiveness of soil remediation depends on the chemical composition of the extinguishing agent used on the contaminated soil.
Highlights
During rescue operations related to the elimination of the effects of industrial accidents or natural disasters, extinguishing agents are used that affect the migration and transformation of contamination in the environment
The highest cleaning efficiency was observed from the substrate P with a high content of peat. This effect can be explained by a reduction in the interfacial tension between the diesel/soil caused by the detergent solution and a decrease of the wetting angle of the hydrophobic surface
During rescue operations that are a response to industrial accidents or natural disasters, extinguishing agents are used that affect the migration and transformation of pollution in the environment
Summary
During rescue operations related to the elimination of the effects of industrial accidents or natural disasters, extinguishing agents are used that affect the migration and transformation of contamination in the environment. The article presents the results of research on the remediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel and enhanced with firefighting agents used to extinguish fires or remove oil spills on the road. Petroleum products are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, some of which are readily absorbed by organic matter in soil and are very persistent in the environment All these substances belong to non-polar, lipophilic (hydrophobic) compounds and are very slightly soluble in water. These hydrocarbons are harmful to aquatic and soil organisms, a release of large amounts of them into the environment may pose a long-lasting risk due to adverse changes in ecosystems and their danger to human health and life. R quartz, limestone www.nature.com/scientificreports aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in soils with the effects on human health revealed incremental lifetime cancer risks[10]
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