Remediation of adult black dental stains by phototherapy

M A Albelda-Bernardo,C C Sheth,V Veses,M Del Mar Jovani-Sancho

doi:10.1038/s41405-018-0001-9

M A Albelda-Bernardo, C C Sheth + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-018-0001-9

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Journal: BDJ Open	Publication Date: Apr 11, 2018
Citations: 6	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU, Universities UK

Abstract

Introduction and aimsThis study investigates the effects of the application of antimicrobial phototherapy on black-stained tooth surfaces. Key variables were area, color and time taken to reappearance of black stain following dental prophylaxis with and without antimicrobial phototherapy. Differences in bacterial composition of black stain (specifically Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis) were analyzed.Material and methodsThe phototherapy device used was GLO™ Science LLC, New York, America, emitting light at 475 nm and a power of 3 W. Light was applied in 2 cycles of 8 min on 31 volunteers. Microbial identification was carried out on DNA extracted from black plaque. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03309748.ResultsFollowing antimicrobial phototherapy, 64.5% of patients displayed reduced pigmentation area. Plaque color was lighter in 48.4% of subjects. Pigmentation area and depth of color returned to normal levels during the course of the study. Colonization by the three bacterial species decreased, although the changes were not statistically significant. We report a key novel finding showing elevated levels of colonization by Tannerella forsythia (83.9%) in adult black stain.ConclusionsApplication of phototherapy results in a reduction in area, color and bacterial colonization of black plaque in adults. The changes were not found to be statistically significant, perhaps owing to the low illumination power of the home-whitening device. For the first time, we document the elevated presence of Tannerella forsythia in adult black stain. We also demonstrate the potential application of a commercially available home-whitening device for black plaque treatment.

Highlights

AND AIMS: This study investigates the effects of the application of antimicrobial phototherapy on black-stained tooth surfaces
In this study we aim to explore the application of antimicrobial phototherapy for the treatment of adult Black stain (BS). aPT has demonstrated positive results in the treatment of periodontitis in vivo.[9]
A further two patients were later excluded as one no longer met the study inclusion requirements and the second failed to comply with the established protocol

Summary

Introduction

AND AIMS: This study investigates the effects of the application of antimicrobial phototherapy on black-stained tooth surfaces. Color and time taken to reappearance of black stain following dental prophylaxis with and without antimicrobial phototherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Application of phototherapy results in a reduction in area, color and bacterial colonization of black plaque in adults. One of the most commonly encountered difficulties for the dentist in daily practice is the treatment of chromatic alterations of teeth, both of intrinsic and extrinsic origin The former, caused by the incorporation of chromogenic materials in enamel and dentin, prior to and following eruption, may result in the application of complex and aggressive treatments for their elimination. The latter, caused by the deposition of pigment or detritus on the tooth surface, are cleared relatively resulting in less damage to the enamel. BS is considered to be a special form of dental plaque with a tendency for calcification.[3]

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