Remarks on the non-equilibrium effects and collision dynamics in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

In this paper we study the beam energy dependence of the equilibration process and the space–time characteristics of the participant and the spectator matter. For this, we simulated the semi-central collisions of 40Ca+40Ca at incident energies of 400, 600 and 1000 AMeV within the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) approach. Our numerical calculations based on the molecular dynamics approach show that the incident energy of the projectile influences the reaction observables drastically. The effect is clearly visible for transverse expansion of the nuclear matter and transparency behaviour. The degree of thermalization of the participant matter, however, remains independent of the incident energy. The characteristics of the trajectories followed by the nucleons suffering maximal and minimal binary collisions are also analysed.