Abstract
The method of Riemann characteristics has been used for more than a century to describe linear and nonlinear waves propagating in a medium. In this paper, the history of the method of characteristics is reviewed and examples of its use are provided. The useful properties of the method of characteristics are discussed, namely: that it may be applied to both linear and nonlinear systems; that it may be applied equally well to solids, liquids, and gases; and that it provides a clear picture of the causal relations governing system behavior. One-dimensional wave propagation in uniform and nonuniform ducts and pipes is discussed in terms of the characteristics, and the importance of impedance scaling is shown. The use of characteristics when there is heat transfer is also discussed for a uniform duct.
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