Remarks on Behavior of Horse Guard Wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Bembicinae) and Interrupted Hematophagism of Horse Flies (Diptera, Tabanidae)

Ronald Rodrigues Guimaraes,Eduardo Dias Wermelinger,Harlan Ronald Rodrigues Storti,Sandor Buys,Ronald Rodrigues Guimarães Junior,Roney Rodrigues Guimarães,Raimundo Wilson Carvalho

doi:10.5539/ijb.v8n1p27

Ronald Rodrigues Guimaraes, Eduardo Dias Wermelinger + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n1p27

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Abstract

During studies on tabanid fauna on Marambaia Island, Mangaratiba, Brazil, the authors captured 71specimens of two species of solitaire sand wasps hunting horseflies, Stictia punctata (Fabricius, 1775) and Stictia signata signata (Linnaeus, 1758). Wasps interact with horseflies demonstrating outstanding behavior, interrupting the hematophagism, which enhances tabanids ability to transmit pathogenic agents to natural hosts.

Highlights

IntroductionHorseflies are important transmitters of several pathogens for animals and occasionally to humans (Turcatel, Carvalho & Rafael, 2007)
Horseflies are important transmitters of several pathogens for animals and occasionally to humans (Turcatel, Carvalho & Rafael, 2007). They are they are involved in mechanical transmission of various agents, such as virus of equine infectious anemia, agents of bovine and equine trypanosomiasis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, anthrax and human tularemia (Herrera et al, 2011)
Other factors are related to mechanical transmission capacity by tabanids, as the density of their population, proximity to susceptible hosts, time spent in the period between heteroxenic hematophagisms, high infectivity and/or high levels of the agent in the blood stream of the host and the strength of the etiological agent (Barros & Foil, 2007)

Summary

Introduction

Horseflies are important transmitters of several pathogens for animals and occasionally to humans (Turcatel, Carvalho & Rafael, 2007). They are they are involved in mechanical transmission of various agents, such as virus of equine infectious anemia, agents of bovine and equine trypanosomiasis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, anthrax and human tularemia (Herrera et al, 2011) They can act as biological vectors and if so, can transmit the nematode Loa loa, that causes human loiasis in Africa and Elaeophora schineideri and Dirofilaria remeri to kangaroo (Krinsky, 1976). The labellum lobes are large and provided with sclerotized channels serving to distribute the saliva, but can store and keep blood collection in which the pathogens are present (Krenn & Aspöck, 2012); and they are considered powerful flying flies There is another important factor, not commonly referred to, which makes them good mechanical vectors: the persistence that tabanids have to attack their victims, and that is why some species are called 'bull-dog flies' (Thomas & Marshall, 2009). Other factors are related to mechanical transmission capacity by tabanids, as the density of their population, proximity to susceptible hosts, time spent in the period between heteroxenic hematophagisms, high infectivity and/or high levels of the agent in the blood stream of the host and the strength of the etiological agent (Barros & Foil, 2007)

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