Abstract
Objective: To observe the changes in sleep characteristics and BDI scores in patients with short-term insomnia disorder (SID) using a longitudinal observational study.Methods: Fifty-four patients who met the criteria for SID of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition, were recruited. Depression levels were assessed using the Beck depression inventory (BDI) at enrollment and after 3 months of follow-up, respectively. Sleep characteristics were assessed by polysomnography.Results: After 3 months of follow-up, the group was divided into SID with increased BDI score (BDI >15) and SID with normal BDI score (BDI ≤ 15) according to the total BDI score of the second assessment. The differences in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, REM sleep arousal index, and NREM sleep arousal index between the two groups were statistically significant. The total BDI score was positively correlated with REM and NREM sleep arousal index and negatively correlated with REM sleep latency, which were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression was used to construct a regression model to predict the risk of depression in which the prediction accuracy reached 83.7%.Conclusion: REM sleep fragmentation is closely associated with future depressive status in patients with SID and is expected to become an index of estimating depression risk.
Highlights
Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder worldwide
After 3 months of follow-up, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score was (10.07 ± 7.66); insomnia symptoms were relieved in 36 subjects and persisted in 18 subjects
The comorbidity of depression and insomnia disorder did not first attract the attention of researchers, and at first, attention was focused on the latter proposition: that insomnia was a clinical symptom accompanying depressive disorders and that insomnia symptoms would resolve with improvement of depressive symptoms as long as we treated them with antidepressant therapy
Summary
Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder worldwide. It is an important public health problem because of its high rate of prevalence and disability, and because insomnia has been found to be an important risk factor for various psychiatric disorders [1,2,3], especially major depression disorder. Because rapid eye movement (REM) sleep represents a state of high brain arousal during sleep, it plays a key role in insomnia [9,10,11]. REM sleep is shown to play an important role in the reprocessing and consolidation
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