Abstract
Religious activities are no longer confined to local religious communities, but are increasingly taking place online. In that regard, social media is of particular importance for young believers that connect with their peers via platforms such as Instagram. There are conflicting views on the functioning of social media platforms: they are either conceptualized as superdiverse spaces, in which social boundaries can be overcome, or as resulting in separate bubbles that foster exclusive exchanges between like-minded people sharing certain characteristics, including religious affiliation. This article assesses online religious activities based on qualitative research involving 41 young, urban, religious Instagram users of different faiths. We demonstrate how young believers’ interactions on social media produce thematically bound content bubbles that are considerably homogeneous when it comes to religion, but superdiverse in other areas. Religious activities online often have an affirmative effect on religious belonging. This is especially true for young people that perceive themselves in a minority position and search for like-minded people online. We have found that religious content bubbles are clustered around religious traditions. Interreligious exchange (e.g., between Christians and Sikhs) is largely absent, whereas intrareligious boundaries (e.g., between Lutherans, Catholics, and Pentecostals) become blurred. This suggests that differences within religious traditions are losing significance in a digitalized world, while interreligious boundaries remain.
Highlights
This paper investigates the social media activities of young people of different religious traditions
As some interviewees did report attending the religious services of other branches (e.g., Catholics attending free churches), we may already be seeing an open-minded attitude towards intrareligious exchange
Regarding the conceptualization of Instagram as a superdiverse space, we observed differences between religious and non-religious content bubbles. Whereas the latter exhibits superdiversity in the sense that people with multiple backgrounds all consume the same content, we found little evidence for interreligious encounters online
Summary
This paper investigates the social media activities of young people of different religious traditions. It is aimed at reaching a better understanding of transformations in religious belonging online. It is based on the research project Young Believers Online, which assesses the significance of on- and offline spaces in the religious lives of people of different faiths living in Vienna. So far, the one scarcely included the other, showing that they have evolved as mostly segregated strands of social-scientific inquiry. Qualitative studies on the social media usage of people with different religious backgrounds have been neglected far.
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