Abstract
Several pioneering African American leaders challenged inherent religious and racial limitations in historic American exceptionalism and American foreign policy. Operating in a 20th-century context that included anti-colonial fervor and the secularization of global voluntary service, they pursued an American global engagement that allowed racial and religious identity to serve as a bridge rather than a barrier. These leaders, many of whom were clergy, challenged the blatant privileging of US interests and priorities in Americans’ interactions with developing nations. Their example of engagement has implications for the security challenges America faces today.
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