Abstract
Archaeological steles having a rough surface due to long periods of weathering make recognizing the inscription difficult. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based method to extract reliefs for the inscription from a rough stele surface. Relief candidate segments are initially obtained by using a curvature-based method, which include not only actual reliefs but also noises such as dents and scratches. Then, relief segments are selected using a support vector machine classifier that is trained with various features extracted from relief candidate segments. While conventional methods using a single geometric feature easily fail to detect reliefs from the rough surface, the proposed method utilizes 79-dimensional features consisting of appearance-based, cross section-based, and local extrema-based characteristics of each candidate segment to determine whether the segment is relief or not. Using the proposed method, the inscription of the stele Musul-ojakbi made during the Silla Dynasty AD578 were completely recognized. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately extracts reliefs and achieves the highest performance on the rough stele data. The performance of the proposed method is about 8.95% and 10.4% higher than the best of the conventional methods in terms of the F1-score and the SIRI, respectively.
Highlights
Among ancient cultural heritage relics, stone steles are mostly regarded as valuable historical materials because of their political and cultural records of the people that lived in the era they were created
For classifying the segment accurately, we proposed the features of segments that consist of the appearance-based, the cross section-based, and the local extrema-based features
It is confirmed that each subfeature of the proposed features is effective and the proposed method outperforms the conventional methods objectively and subjectively
Summary
Among ancient cultural heritage relics, stone steles are mostly regarded as valuable historical materials because of their political and cultural records of the people that lived in the era they were created. The inscriptions on the steles are presented in the language or symbols of ancient people. The stone steles that have been exposed outdoors for a long time wore out due to weathering, and might be discolorized with impurities. A typical method to identify the contents of the stele, such as characters and drawings, is the use of the stone rubbing technique. When applying the rubbing method, the surface of the stele may be damaged further by physical contacts and contaminated by ink
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