Abstract
The possibility of adapting the Standard Addition Method (SAM) to calibration in very difficult analytical conditions, namely when there is a need to determine an analyte with the use of nonlinear calibration graph and in the presence of matrix components causing additive interference effect, is investigated. To this aim the SAM in the common version and the Chemical H-point Standard Addition Method (C-HPSAM) realized by the flow injection technique were applied. Specifically, a flow manifold was used for construction of a set of nonlinear calibration graphs in different chemical conditions. As the graphs were intersected indicating both the additive interference effect and the analytical result free of this effect, the analyte concentration in the sample was able to be obtained with improved accuracy. The applicability of this approach was verified on the example of spectrophotometric determination of paracetamol in pharmaceuticals and of total acidity in wines. The C-HPSAM method enabled complete compensation of the additive effect and obtaining analytical results at a relative error not exceeding 6.0%.Graphical abstract
Highlights
The analysis of the samples with unknown, complex matrices still causes a lot of problems
The present paper describes, for the first time, the reliability and effectivity of H-point Standard Addition Method (HPSAM) applied in nonlinear mode
The use of Chemical H-point Standard Addition Method (C-HPSAM) makes it possible to compensate the additive interference effect and obtaining accurate results for both white and rose wines. As it has been shown, the accuracy of a result in the Standard Addition Method (SAM) method depends on correct reflection of the calibration relationship
Summary
The analysis of the samples with unknown, complex matrices still causes a lot of problems. The undisputed limitation of SAM ( to CCM) is that the method is able to reduce interference effect only when it is proportional (multiplicative) and not constant (additive) in relation to the analyte concentration It results from the composition of the calibration solutions, which contain the constant concentration of interferents in the presence of increased concentrations of the analyte. This problem can be overcome using SAM in the form of the H-point Standard Addition Method (HPSAM) [9]. Of the version and procedural modifications HPSAM was applied so far in the linear mode, i.e., the SAM calibration lines serving for estimation of the additive interferences and the analytical result were developed in linear signal vs concentration range. The method was tested on the examples of the spectrophotometric determinations of paracetamol in pharmaceuticals and of total acidity in wines
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