Reliable and QoS aware routing metrics for wireless Neighborhood Area Networking in smart grids

Abstract

Smart Grid networks use data collected from sensors in evaluating the current system state to make optimal resource distribution decisions and facilitate two-way energy exchange. Efficient and timely communication between smart grid assets using high efficiency and reliable Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) for the last-mile can play a significantly important role. For this requirement, wireless mesh networking can be used to offer scalable, flexible and resilient wireless connectivity. Despite significant advantages and tremendous applications, smart grid NANs are vulnerable to security and reliability issues during electric power delivery. After being compromised by an adversary, cascading-failure-induced disasters may disrupt the power grid from a remote location; customer’s private information may become vulnerable if accessed illegally; the adversary may also compromise selected nodes (change the normal behavior of a node to malicious behavior) and thus fail the critical mission of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Moreover, the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism of IEEE 802.11e wireless technology can be leveraged for service differentiation based routing among flows of differing priorities. Routing decisions in mesh networks are based on routing metrics which have been the focus of research for the past decade. However, NANs offer a different implementation scenario from traditional mesh infrastructures and also necessitate the need for differentiated quality of service. In this paper, we discuss how state-of-the-art routing metrics have limitations for the NAN scenario, especially for EDCA based differentiated access. Moreover, we propose and design a secure and EDCA based contention-aware routing approach - iRoute, for 802.11e based wireless NANs which enables the selection of reliable routes that also satisfy QoS requirements (low contention, high throughput routes). Simulation-based performance evaluation of the proposed approach shows that it can provide significantly better performance in terms of throughput and delay for NAN communication.