Abstract
Reliability is of critical importance for the microgrid (MG) and deserved more attention. Aiming at photovoltaics (PV) and energy storage system (ESS) based MG, the microturbine (MT), PV, ESS and comprehensive load (CL) which is composed of hourly time-varying component, stochastic component, and controllable component, are chronologically modeled and combined with model of load shedding minimization and sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) simulation algorithm. Then, the reliability assessment framework is developed and employed in the comprehensive case studies. Firstly, varying characteristics of reliability indices, including loss of load probability (LOLP), average service availability index (ASAI), system average interruption duration index (SAIDI), system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) and customer average interruption duration index (CAIDI), over PV penetration are investigated, and the surge effect of SAIFI (SE-SAIFI) is especially put forward and studied, followed by the principle of PV capacity decision considering SE-SAIFI. Secondly, the clear pictures of reliability profiles over ESS sizes are depicted and analyzed, following with a novel method to reasonably decide ESS sizes based on the definition of expected hourly redundant power (EHRP). At last, reliability indices of multiple scenarios with different percentages of controllable load are calculated and the benefits of load management are analyzed in the viewpoint of reliability of standalone MG. Results of the case studies also confirm the necessities of reliability assessment during the MG planning and size optimization, and the validity of the methodologies developed in this work.
Highlights
Microgrids (MGs), supplying an efficient way for clean energy absorption and more flexible and smart power service, have attracted more and more interests [1]–[3]
In this paper, a framework of reliability assessment and varying characteristic analysis aiming at PV-energy storage system (ESS) based standalone MG has been developed, by taking the sequential stochastic states of main components of MG, minimization of load shedding model, as well as comprehensive load (CL) model into consideration. we have conducted series of case studies and comprehensively investigated the indices of probability and those of frequency & duration
The case studies have suggested that, first of all, increase of PV capacity will improve the indices of probability, but probably result in SE-system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) at the same time, especially when the ESS is undersized
Summary
Microgrids (MGs), supplying an efficient way for clean energy absorption and more flexible and smart power service, have attracted more and more interests [1]–[3]. In [15], battery size study was implemented in order to meet the reliability guarantees of island-capable MG, and loss of load probability (LOLP) was adopted as an index to denote reliability efficiency of battery size It can be concluded from the aforementioned literatures that the consideration of reliability of MGs, especially the standalone ones or those with island-capable requirement, are of great importance to the economy and efficiency of MGs. the reliability should be modeled as a ’criteria’ or ’deadline’ to validate the decisions of planning, grid augmentation, or power dispatch, et al, and studied more comprehensively to get the overall profile and varying characteristics.
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