Reliability of Three-Dimensional Spinal Modeling of Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis Using EOS System

Abstract

Study DesignThree-dimensional (3D) spinal models of children with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) were created using the EOS imaging system (EOS) and sterEOS software. ObjectiveTo determine the inter- or intraobserver reproducibility of the 3D spinal models in children with IS of different apex locations. Summary of Background Data3D spinal model measurements include the Cobb angle, kyphosis, lordosis, and axial vertebral rotation (AVR). Variation of these measurements between two investigators and two different trials by the same investigator were analyzed by inter- and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). MethodsBiplanar radiographic images of 15 patients (age: 6–15 years) with IS were uploaded into the sterEOS software. Spinal and pelvic markers were manually identified to construct a 3D spinal model and measure spinal parameters. Two trained examiners independently performed modeling and performed modeling in spaced out trials. The ICC between inter- and intraobservers were calculated. ResultsICCs between inter- and intraobservers were significant for all parameters (p < .05). Both the inter- and intraobservers showed excellent agreement for the Cobb angles in the thoracic segment, kyphosis and lordosis. Substantial interobserver agreement and excellent intraobserver agreement were determined for the Cobb angle in the thoracolumbar or lumbar (TL/L) segment, with less than 6° difference between two raters and less than 2° difference between two trials. Substantial interobserver agreement for the AVR in the TL/L region and substantial interobserver agreement for the AVR in the thoracic region were found, with less than 4° difference between raters. One rater had substantial intraobserver agreement for the AVR in the TL/L region whereas another rater reported moderate to substantial intraobserver agreement in both the thoracic and TL/L regions, with less than 3° difference between trials. ConclusionThe EOS system shows reliable and repeatable results in 3D spinal modeling of children with IS. Level of EvidenceLevel III.