Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the comparative efficiency of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) for trace analysis of arsenic (As) in natural herbal products (NHPs). Method: Arsenic analysis in natural herbal products and standard reference material was conducted using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), namely, hydride generation ASSAAS (HGAAS) and graphite furnace (GFAAS). The samples were digested with HNO 3 –H 2 O 2 in a ratio of 4:1 using microwave-assisted acid digestion. The methods were validated with the aid of the standard reference material 1515 Apple Leaves (SRM) from NIST Results: Mean recovery of three different samples of NHPs, using HGAAS and GFAAS, ranged from 89.3 - 91.4 %, and 91.7 - 93.0 %, respectively. The difference between the two methods was insignificant. A ( P = 0.5), B ( P =0.4) and C ( P =0.88) Relative standard deviation (RSD) RSD, i.e., precision was 2.5 - 6.5 % and 2.3 - 6.7 % using HGAAS and GFAAS techniques, respectively. Recovery of arsenic in SRM was 98 and 102 % by GFAAS and HGAAS, respectively. Conclusion: GFAAS demonstrates acceptable levels of precision and accuracy. Both techniques possess comparable accuracy and repeatability. Thus, the two methods are recommended as an alternative approach for trace analysis of arsenic in natural herbal products. Keywords: Arsenic, Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS), Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometer (HGAAS), Natural herbal products
Highlights
Arsenic (As) is a hazardous element that occurs in trace amounts in various environmental samples due to both natural causes and anthropogenic activities [1]
In this work basic analytical parameters were measured for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) methods for arsenic analysis such as linear range, coefficients of correlation, LOD and LOQ
The LOD value was first calculated based on three times standard deviation (SD) for 10 replicates of the blank the standard deviation of seven replicates of reagent blank spiked with known concentration of As standard solution was multiplied by the Student’s t-value to get the LOD value for As while LOQ value was calculated multiplying LOD by 10 [14]
Summary
Arsenic (As) is a hazardous element that occurs in trace amounts in various environmental samples due to both natural causes and anthropogenic activities [1]. Arsenic shows both metal and non-metal characteristics and has been classified as a metalloid. Arsenic contamination in NHPs has been reported globally [4,5,6]. Arsenic compounds can promote tumors in various organs such as liver, prostate, kidney [8]. Regular monitoring of such contaminant in NHPs requires simple and accurate analytical method
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