Abstract
BackgroundThe evaluation of the force in internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) of the shoulder is commonly used to diagnose possible pathologies or disorders in the glenohumeral joint and to assess patient’s status and progression over time. Currently, there is new technology of multiple joint isokinetic dynamometry that allows to evaluate the strength in the human being. The main purpose of this study was to determine the absolute and relative reliability of concentric and eccentric internal and external shoulder rotators with a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD).MethodsThirty-two male individuals (21.46 ± 2.1 years) were examined of concentric and eccentric strength of shoulder internal and external rotation with a FEMD at velocities of 0.3 m s−1 and 0.6 m s−1. Relative reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Absolute reliability was quantified by standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV). Systematic differences across velocities testing circumstances, were analyzed with dependent t tests or repeated-measures analysis of variance in case of 2 or more than 2 conditions, respectively.ResultsReliability was high to excellent for IR and ER on concentric and eccentric strength measurements, regardless of velocity used (ICC: 0.81–0.98, CV: 5.12–8.27% SEM: 4.06–15.04N). Concentric outcomes were more reliable than eccentric due to the possible familiarization of the population with the different stimuli.ConclusionAll procedures examined showed high to excellent reliability for clinical use. However, a velocity of 0.60 m s−1 should be recommended for asymptomatic male patients because it demands less time for evaluation and patients find it more comfortable.
Highlights
Clinicians and researchers periodically assess strength changes in the status of their patients (McLaine et al, 2016)
Thirty-two asymptomatic male volunteers were recruited from local university (age: 21.46 ± 2.1 years, body mass: 69.22 ± 6.85 kg, height: 1.73.5 ± 0.07 m, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI): 15.2 ± 3.8 and body mass index (BMI): 22.98 ± 1.607 kg/m2) without any experience in isokinetic or dynamometer devices participated in this study
Absolute reliability ranged from 6.31% to 8.27%; 5.58N to 6.8N in concentric contractions and 14.98N to 15.04N in eccentric contractions for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error of measurement (SEM) respectively
Summary
Clinicians and researchers periodically assess strength changes in the status of their patients (McLaine et al, 2016). It is a requirement to have relative reliability data with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and absolute reliability with a standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) (Hopkins, Schabort & Hawley, 2001). The evaluation of the force in internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) of the shoulder is commonly used to diagnose possible pathologies or disorders in the glenohumeral joint and to assess patient’s status and progression over time. Thirty-two male individuals (21.46 ± 2.1 years) were examined of concentric and eccentric strength of shoulder internal and external rotation with a FEMD at velocities of 0.3 m s−1 and 0.6 m s−1. Reliability was high to excellent for IR and ER on concentric and eccentric strength measurements, regardless of velocity used (ICC: 0.81–0.98, CV: 5.12–8.27% SEM: 4.06–15.04N). A velocity of 0.60 m s−1 should be recommended for asymptomatic male patients because it demands less time for evaluation and patients find it more comfortable
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