Abstract
With the development of industrial networks, the demands for strict timing requirements and high reliability in transmission become more essential, which promote the establishment of a Time-Sensitive Network (TSN). TSN is a set of standards with the intention of extending Ethernet for safety-critical and real-time applications. In general, frame replication is used to achieve fault-tolerance, while the increased load has a negative effect on the schedule synthesis phase. It is necessary to consider schedulability and reliability jointly. In this paper, a heuristic-based routing method is proposed to achieve fault tolerance by spatial redundancy for TSNs containing unreliable links. A cost function is presented to evaluate each routing set, and a heuristic algorithm is applied to find the solution with higher schedulability. Compared to the shortest path routing, our method can improve the reliability and the success rate of no-wait scheduling by 5–15% depending on the scale of topology.
Highlights
In industrial automation systems, reliable communication with a timing request to deliver messages in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is demanded, which adds constraints in terms of bandwidth and cost [1,2]
A novel method is introduced for the routing of Time-Triggered streams in Time-Sensitive Network (TSN), which considers a scenario in which the network contains unreliable links
In thiswhich paper,considers a novel method is introduced for the routing of Time-Triggered streams in TSN, a scenario in which the network contains unreliable links
Summary
Reliable communication with a timing request to deliver messages in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is demanded, which adds constraints in terms of bandwidth and cost [1,2]. Industrial Ethernet (IE) is proposed, such as Ethernet Powerlink, EtherCAT, Profinet and Ethernet/IP, to process time-critical control and motion tasks in production facilities as a result For these standards, special hardware support and specific integrated circuits are required, which brings limitations to a wide range of applications. 802.1Qbv protocol is proposed to specify the TimeAware Shaper (TAS) implementing the time-triggered paradigm at the egress ports of Electronics 2021, 10, 125 streams are delivered deterministically and periodical, AVB streams have bounded worst case end-to-end delays (WCD) while BE streams have no timing restriction [6,7]. 802.1Qbv protocol is proposed to specify the TimeAware Shaper (TAS) implementing the time-triggered paradigm at the egress ports of global clock provided by 802.1AS.
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