Abstract
This article presents the Reliability Assessment (RA) of renewable energy interfaced Electrical Distribution System (EDS) considering the electrical loss minimization (ELM). ELM aims at minimizing the detrimental effect of real power and reactive power losses in the EDS. Some techniques, including integration of Renewable Energy Source (RES), network reconfiguration, and expansion planning, have been suggested in the literature for achieving ELM. The optimal RES integration (also referred to as Distributed Generation (DG)) is one of the globally accepted techniques to achieve minimization of electrical losses. Therefore, first, the locations to accommodate these DGs are obtained by implementing two indexes, namely Index-1 for single DG and Index-2 for multiple DGs. Second, a Constriction Factor-based Particle Swarm Optimization (CF-PSO) technique is applied to obtain an optimal sizing(s) of the DGs for achieving the ELM. Third, the RA of the EDS is performed using the optimal location(s) and sizing(s) of the RESs (i.e., Solar photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Turbine Generator (WTG)). Moreover, a Battery Storage System (BSS) is also incorporated optimally with the RESs to further achieve the ELM and to improve the system’s reliability. The result analysis is performed by considering the power output rating of WTG-GE’s V162-5.6MW (IECS), SPV-Sunpower’s SPR-P5-545-UPP, and BSS-Freqcon’s BESS-3000 (i.e., Battery Energy Storage System 3000), which are provided by the corresponding manufacturers. According to the outcomes of the study, the results are found to be coherent with those obtained using other techniques that are available in the literature. These results are considered for the RA of the EDS. RA is further analyzed considering the uncertainties in reliability data of WTG and SPV, including the failure rate and the repair time. The RA of optimally placed DGs is performed by considering the electrical loss minimization. It is inferred that the reliability of the EDS improves by contemplating suitable reliability data of optimally integrated DGs.
Highlights
Active Power Loss (APL), Reactive Power Loss (RPL), and bus voltages are obtained by integrating Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), WTG+Solar photovoltaic (SPV), and WTG+SPV+Battery Storage System (BSS) in the Electrical Distribution System (EDS) to analyze the results obtained in Step 1
As the increasing number of Distributed Generation (DG) are integrated into an EDS, the supplied energy is improved in the EDS, and the indices related to the energy not supplied are reduced
The optimal location(s) and size(s) of distributed generations derived for three cases ensure an enhancement in the electrical loss minimization and improves the bus voltage profile when compared to a system without distributed generations
Summary
The incorporation of distributed power sources in the EDS can support the increasing load demands. The authors in [20] have proposed an index to obtain the optimal siting of DGs in EDS This index is implemented to resolve the multiple problems, including total ELM, ENS, and voltage deviation. Another objective, namely loss of yearly energy minimization, is observed through the integration of DERs-based DGs and network reconfiguration [21]. A novel two-stage stochastic programming is proposed, and the uncertainty considerations together with the load variation are studied especially for wind energy and solar power generation [22] In this method, the total cost is reduced by incorporating. The optimization of reliability indices has been considered in [20,23], and the improvement in the system’s reliability is observed
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