Abstract
Fire following earthquake (FFE) is a common secondary disaster that can inflict great damage to humans. A large number of seismic resilience evaluation methods have been proposed, but few of them consider the influence of FFE. In this study, a multi-scenario simulation based model was developed to evaluate the post-disaster performance of water distribution networks (WDNs) in supplying both firefighting flow and original demand under the effect of seismic damage and FFEs. Hypothetical earthquakes were generated and the spatial–temporal distribution of FFEs was simulated by the Poisson distribution model and the Weibull distribution model. The post-disaster performance was evaluated by two types of seismic reliability metrics. The developed model was applied to a WDN currently operating in China with eight pre-determined earthquake scenarios. The results showed that the firefighting flow was concentrated in the first few hours after the earthquake. Thus, the serviceability of both original demand and firefighting flow was influenced significantly within the first few hours, while little impact was observed after the concentrated firefighting flow was delivered. The proposed model quantified the WDN’s performance under specific seismic damage and potential FFEs, and can be used for the planning, design, and maintenance of WDNs.
Highlights
As a part of urban lifeline system, water distribution networks (WDNs) play an important role in satisfying the basic demands of residents, industrial production, firefighting, etc
The developed earthquake damage model was based on the historical data from ALA [16], and the spatial–temporal Fire following earthquake (FFE) model was based on historical data from main earthquakes in Japan [31], China [31], and the United States [15,32]
In order to ensure the accuracy of the model, the MZ city pipe network and users’ data were as detailed as possible for more accurate modeling results
Summary
As a part of urban lifeline system, water distribution networks (WDNs) play an important role in satisfying the basic demands of residents, industrial production, firefighting, etc. To ensure safe water supply, reliability against hazards is a crucial consideration during the design and management of WDNs [1]. Most components of WDNs are buried underground, they can still be threatened by various hazards such as power outrage, drastic temperature change, and pollution events [2]. Earthquake is one of the most severe hazards among them. Earthquakes can release enormous energy and create disruptive seismic waves which usually cause great damage to water systems. Despite the low frequency of earthquakes, once they occur they can cause long-term and large-scale damage to the functionality of WDNs
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
