Abstract
This study aimed to validate the Short-Form 12-Item Survey—version 2 (SF−12v2) in an older (≥65 years old) US population as well as estimate disutilities associated with relevant conditions, using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey longitudinal panel (2014–2015). The physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores were examined for reliability (internal consistency, test-retest), construct validity (convergent and discriminant, structural), and criterion validity (concurrent and predictive). The study sample consisted of 1040 older adults with a mean age of 74.09 years (standard deviation: 6.19) PCS and MCS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha—PCS: 0.87, MCS: 0.86) and good and moderate test-retest validity, respectively (intraclass correlation coefficient: PCS:0.79, MCS:0.59)). The questionnaire demonstrated sufficient convergent and discriminant ability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit with the theoretical model and structural validity (goodness of fit = 0.9588). Concurrent criterion validity and predictive criterion validity were demonstrated. Activity limitations, functional limitations, arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke, angina, and high blood pressure were associated with disutilities of 0.18, 0.15, 0.06, 0.07, 0.07, 0.06, 0.09, 0.06, and 0.08, respectively, and demonstrated the responsiveness of the instrument to these conditions. The SF−12v2 is a valid and reliable instrument in an older US population.
Highlights
In the United States in 2018, 16% of the population was aged 65 years or older, which is a 3.2% increase from the previous year [1]
There are a variety of instruments available to measure and quantify quality of life and it is important that there is sufficient evidence demonstrating the reliability and validity of the chosen instrument in order for the results to be credible [6,7]
Most of the people were on Medicare, with nearly half of the Medicare beneficiaries having private insurance
Summary
In the United States in 2018, 16% of the population was aged 65 years or older, which is a 3.2% increase from the previous year [1]. Since 2010, this age group has increased by 30.2%, with the aging of the Baby Boomers contributing to this rise [1]. Quality of life is widely used as a significant health outcome indicator [2]. When used in a healthcare and disease context, quality of life is referred to as health-related quality of life, which is a multidimensional concept that entails the domains related to mental, physical, social, and emotional functioning [3]. Health utilities enable us to place health-related quality of life on a scale, where 1 implies perfect health and 0 implies death [4,5]. There are a variety of instruments available to measure and quantify quality of life and it is important that there is sufficient evidence demonstrating the reliability and validity of the chosen instrument in order for the results to be credible [6,7]
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