Abstract
This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0 (GCPS 2.0) and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20) of the Malaysian English version of Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (M-English DC/TMD). GCPS 2.0 and JFLS-20 underwent psychometric analysis involving content, face, criterion, and construct (exploratory factor analysis (EFA), convergent, discriminant, known group) validity including internal and test-retest reliability on 208 samples. The construct validity was assessed against 14 hypotheses and non-parametric statistics were used to assess the data. The GCPS 2.0 and JFLS-20 had high internal consistencies (α = 0.85 and 0.96) with an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. The content validity index for GCPS 2.0 and JFLS-20 were 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. The EFA of GCPS 2.0 identified one factor whereas three factors were identified for JFLS-20. Both instruments had moderate to strong positive correlation with other instruments when assessing for concurrent (r = 0.75–0.80, p < 0.01) and convergent (r = 0.58–0.70, p < 0.01) validity, while moderate to high negative correlation (r = −0.86–−0.68, p < 0.01) against the global self-rating oral health items. Based on the study, GCPS 2.0 and JFLS-20 of the M-English DC/TMD proven to be reliable and valid for use in the Malaysian population with TMD.
Highlights
Accepted: 2 February 2022Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogenous group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and surrounding structures [1].It affects between 5–12% of the general population with the incidence peaks between 20 to 40 years of age; twice as common in women than in men [1]
Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) is a dual-axis instrument, whereby Axis I contributes to physical diagnosis which consists of TMD pain screener, demographic, symptom questionnaire, and Published: 9 February 2022
This study comprised of two phases: (a) Phase I: cross-cultural adaptation and theoretical construct validation, focusing on the sensibility of the measure, its comprehensibility, its content and face validity, its replicability, and the suitability of the scales [16], followed by (b) Phase II: psychometric evaluation consisting of reliability and empirical construct validation of the instruments
Summary
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogenous group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and surrounding structures [1]. It affects between 5–12% of the general population with the incidence peaks between 20 to 40 years of age; twice as common in women than in men [1]. The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) was developed based on evidence-based criteria and has been a diagnostic protocol for TMD research. It is being used as an internationally standardised tool in the screening and diagnosis of TMD [5]. DC/TMD is a dual-axis instrument, whereby Axis I contributes to physical diagnosis which consists of TMD pain screener, demographic, symptom questionnaire, and Published: 9 February 2022
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