Abstract
BackgroundMiniscrews have been used to superimpose three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial images as well as explore stable structures in jaws. Our purpose was to evaluate the reliability and validity of linear and angular measurements made with miniscrews on a 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at two voxel sizes and compared to models created by an intraoral scanner (IOS).MethodsAltogether, 64 miniscrews were placed in 12 goat jaws. The jaws were scanned by CBCT machine at 0.12 mm and 0.3 mm voxels and by the IOS. Linear and angular measurements between miniscrews on CBCT at the two voxel settings and the IOS were compared with actual measurements and with each other.ResultsAn intra-and inter-class correlation of 0.961–1.000 were obtained by each method. Linear measurements showed significant overestimations of 0.27 ± 0.24, 0.14 ± 0.22 and 0.15 ± 0.26 mm, and angular measurements showed non-significant differences of 0.11 ± 1.97°, 0.15 ± 2.79° and 0.41 ± 2.34° for the CBCT at 0.12-mm, 0.3-mm voxels and the IOS, respectively. Equal magnification of linear measurements was on homolateral and contralateral sides using CBCT, whereas significantly greater magnification on the homolateral side than on the opposite was observed using the IOS. There was no significant difference with angular measurements between digital CBCT models at two voxels and IOS. In addition, all angular measurements were comparable to actual measurement results.ConclusionsMiniscrews in CBCT and IOS are reliable and clinical valid when used as a reference measuring tooth movement. However, when miniscrews are involved in high precision measurement in CBCT or IOS image, systematic error should be taken into consideration. When comparing CBCT images, using the same voxel size is recommended for miniscrew related measurements to reduce error.
Highlights
Miniscrews have been used to superimpose three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial images as well as explore stable structures in jaws
Our study showed that statistically significant overestimations of linear measurements were obtained on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) both at 0.12 (0.27 ± 0.24 mm) and 0.3 (0.14 ± 0.22 mm) voxels compared with actual measurements
When using linear measurement to evaluate the stability of miniscrews, the systematic error should be taken into consideration
Summary
Miniscrews have been used to superimpose three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial images as well as explore stable structures in jaws. Our purpose was to evaluate the reliability and validity of linear and angular measurements made with miniscrews on a 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at two voxel sizes and compared to models created by an intraoral scanner (IOS). Traditional orthodontic records including plaster dental models, facial and intra-oral photos, panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms could be used to monitor treatment progress and outcomes. CBCT, digital dental models and 3D facial photos have become popular orthodontic records. The reliability and validity of these digital records have to be verified before they are used to make diagnosis and treatment plan. Similar to 2D cephalometric superimposition, orthodontists have tried to register serial 3D digital models to monitor treatment changes over time in three-dimensions. A great number of studies have focused on CBCTs and digital dental models superimposition
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