Reliability and validity of a talent identification test battery for seated and standing Paralympic throwing

Abstract

Introduction: Paralympic throwing events are contested by athletes with impairments of strength, range of movement and coordination of varying severity. The events contested comprise javelin, discus and shot put thrown from a seated or standing position, as well as the club throw. The club is unique to Paralympic sport, and is thrown from a seated position using one of three techniques: over-arm (similar to javelin); round-arm with a straight elbow (similar to the discus action); and a backwards overhead technique.