Abstract

Five experiments investigated the reliability of, and a possible explanation for, the preference for signaled shock (PSS) phenomenon, in which animals show a preference for signaled over unsignaled, unmodifiable shock. Experiment 1 demonstrated the generality of our previous PSS shuttlebox data. In an attempt to explain some of the studies in which a failure to obtain a PSS has been reported, Experiments 2 and 3 found that under certain conditions the PSS effect could be overridden by an innate preference for dark; however, the series of experiments in toto speaks clearly for the robustness of the phenomenon. Consistent with the recently proposed “crossover consequence hypothesis,” Experiments also revealed that shuttling behavior during manifestations of PSS is not randomly distributed in time. However, Experiments 4 and 5 found that PSS could not generally be attributed to an interaction between the acquired aversiveness of the signal and the spatially asymmetrical probability of shuttling being punished, as proposed by this hypothesis.

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