Reliability and Correlation of Different Devices for the Evaluation of Primary Implant Stability: An In Vitro Study

Perry Raz,Ilan Beitlitum,Shifra Levartovsky,Haya Meir,Alon Sebaoun,Maia Peleg

doi:10.3390/ma14195537

Abstract

Our aim was to analyze the correlation between the IT evaluated by a surgical motor and the primary implant stability (ISQ) measured by two RFA devices, Osstell and Penguin, in an in vitro model. This study examines the effect of bone type (soft or dense), implant length (13 mm or 8 mm), and implant design (CC: conical connection; IH: internal hexagon), on this correlation. Ninety-six implants were inserted using a surgical motor (IT) into two types of synthetic foam blocks. Initial measurements for both the peak IT and ISQ were recorded at the point when implant insertion was stopped by the surgical motor, and the final measurements were recorded when the implant was completely inserted into the synthetic blocks using only the RFA devices. Our null hypothesis was that there is a good correlation between the devices, independent of the implant length, design, or bone type. We found a positive, significant correlation between the IT, and the Osstell and Penguin devices. Implant length and bone type did not affect this correlation. The correlation between the devices in the CC design was maintained; however, in the IH design it was maintained only between the RFA devices. We concluded that there is a high positive correlation between the IT and ISQ from a mechanical perspective, which was not affected by bone type or implant length but was affected by the implant design.

Highlights

Published: 24 September 2021Implant primary stability is an important parameter in optimal osseointegration and is a critical prerequisite factor for immediate or early loading [1,2,3]
The primary implant stability can be evaluated by the insertion torque (IT), which is measured by the implantation equipment itself without the need for any additional measuring devices [9]
63.95 to 65.08 (ISQ), as compared to the initial measurements, when the implant was partially inserted to a length ranging from 56.87 to 55.07

Summary

Introduction

Implant primary stability is an important parameter in optimal osseointegration and is a critical prerequisite factor for immediate or early loading [1,2,3]. Primary implant stability is affected by various factors, such as the implant’s geometry, bone quality and quantity (mainly cortical bone thickness), and the surgical drilling technique used [3,4,5,6,7]. There are special surgical implant preparation site protocols that are adjusted to the bone type in order to modify and improve the implant’s primary stability [7,8]. Allow clinicians to measure implant stability at different time points in the process of osseointegration to assist in functional loading decision making. The frequency values obtained by the RFA devices are automatically translated

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Discussion

Conclusion