Abstract
This paper proposes three probability models to assess the impact of communication delays and bit errors on differential protection. First, the mechanism of relay protection malfunction caused by communication delays and bit errors is introduced. In general, a channel’s consistent delay or bit error results in refuse-operations, while a channel’s inconsistent delay normally causes false trips. Based on the analysis of the probability distributions of communication delays and bit errors, probabilistic models of false trips and refuse-operations are proposed. Simulation results, using typical parameters, are implemented to investigate the effects of communications on the malfunction probability of differential protection.
Highlights
Electrical transmission systems are continuously evolving and growing larger
The effects of communication issues on differential protection can be summed up as: inconsistent communication delay causes data synchronization problems, which may result in false trips; consistent communication delays lead to the loss of speed, which may result in refuse-operation faults; and communication bit errors cause incorrect current signals and cause synchronization problems, which may result in refuse-operation faults
To enhance the reliability and security of modern power transmission systems, protections are commonly utilized for fault detection/location
Summary
Electrical transmission systems are continuously evolving and growing larger. the systems are being operated closer to their limits more frequently and as a result power systems today are more vulnerable to disturbances than ever before. When differential protection is used to protect transmission lines, a number of communication problems due to the impact of the external environment, equipment operating conditions or other factors, could cause performance degradation. A simulation method applied in [11] to study the effects of delays showed that any significant inconsistent communication delays may cause errors in data synchronization, which may result in a false trip of the relay protection. The effects of communication issues on differential protection can be summed up as: inconsistent communication delay causes data synchronization problems, which may result in false trips; consistent communication delays lead to the loss of speed, which may result in refuse-operation faults; and communication bit errors cause incorrect current signals and cause synchronization problems, which may result in refuse-operation faults.
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