Abstract
Objective: Nutrition in pregnant women influences fetal and maternal health. Nutrition education is used to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women, but currently, there are no guidelines available for this demographic in Indonesia. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to identify topics relevant to healthy eating in pregnant women in Jakarta, Indonesia.
 Methods: The mixed-methods approach included an online survey to understand the problems (relevant to healthy eating) that pregnant women face and the subjects that they lack information about and a review of the relevant literature. The information obtained from both sources was analyzed by a panel of experts with the multi-step Delphi technique, and a list of relevant topics was created.
 Results: The study was conducted from April to September 2019 and included 37 pregnant women and 10 experts in nutrition and obstetrics-gynecology. The 13 relevant topics identified were: (1) importance of healthy eating during pregnancy; (2) food groups and serving sizes; (3) nutrition requirements during pregnancy and use of multivitamins/supplements; (4) foods to be restricted or avoided; (5) substances to be restricted or avoided; (6) weight gain during pregnancy; (7) physical activity requirements; (8) tips for ensuring the safety of food; (9) menu containing healthy foods for pregnant women; (10) pregnancy problems related to eating patterns and solutions; (11) healthy eating tips for women with special conditions; (12) myths and facts about eating patterns during pregnancy; and (13) healthy eating for lactation.
 Conclusion: These topics would be useful for the creation of nutritional education material for pregnant women in Indonesia.
Highlights
The first 1000 d of life—from conception up to the second birthday of a child—have the most profound effect on fetal development and maternal health [1]
A short survey was conducted to collect the opinions of pregnant women regarding the health and nutrition issues they face, as well as the topics related to healthy eating during pregnancy that they needed information about
Topics that are relevant to the theme of healthy eating during pregnancy were identified: (1) Definition of healthy eating; (2) Food groups and serving sizes; (3) Recommendations for nutrition, multivitamin, and supplements; (4) Foods that should be avoided; (5) Substances that should be avoided; (6) Weight gain during pregnancy; (7) Recommendations for physical activity and exercise; and (8) Tips on selection, preparation, storage, and processing of food so that it is safe for consumption
Summary
The first 1000 d of life—from conception up to the second birthday of a child—have the most profound effect on fetal development and maternal health [1]. Pregnant women experience changes in metabolism, hormones, and psychology Both the quality and quantity of food influence maternal health during pregnancy, normal birth, faster recovery after delivery, and normal development and appropriate weight gain in the foetus [3, 4], and it is necessary to pay attention to the increased nutritional needs of mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding [5]. In 8 of the 25 studies reviewed, the percentage of fat intake was below 20%, which is the lowest limit recommended by the FAO/WHO for women of childbearing age [6] This finding points to the need for adequate nutrition for mother during pregnancy
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