Abstract
Post-extractional implants and immediate loading protocols are becoming much more frequent in everyday clinical practice. Given the existing literature about tapered implants, the objective of this paper was to understand whether implant shape had a direct influence on the results of the insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ). Seven tapered implant prototypes were developed and distributed into three groups and compared with a control cylindrical implant—VEGA by Klockner Implant System. The implants were inserted into bovine bone type III according to Lekholm and Zarb Classification. The sample size was n = 30 for the three groups. Final IT was measured with a torquemeter, and the ISQ was measured with Penguin Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA). Modifications done to the Prototype I did not reveal higher values of the ISQ and IT when compared to VEGA. In the second group, when comparing the five prototypes (II–VI) with VEGA, it was seen that the values of the ISQ and IT were not always higher, but there were two values of the ISQ that were statistically significantly higher with the 4.0 mm diameter Prototypes II (76.3 ± 6.1) and IV (78 ± 3.7). Prototype VII was the one with higher and significant values of the ISQ and IT. In both diameters and in both variables, all differences were statistically significant enough to achieve the higher values of primary stability values (IT and ISQ). Given the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that when there is an increase of the diameter of the implant and body taper, there is an increase of the ISQ and IT, showing that the diameter of the implant is an important criteria to obtain higher values of primary stability.
Highlights
The use of dental implants is currently a common procedure in dental practice, and its use as another therapeutic tool in treatment plans for oral rehabilitation is a daily occurrence with a 95%–100%success rate [1,2,3], showing the high predictability of implant treatments and the simplicity of their application in most of the procedures in which they are necessary [4]
Given the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that when there is an increase of the diameter of the implant and body taper, there is an increase of the implant stability quotient (ISQ) and insertion torque (IT), showing that the diameter of the implant is an important criteria to obtain higher values of primary stability
We introduced a 0.2 mm wider maximum diameter core that was cylindrical until the last millimeters and conical shaped to the control implant (VEGA)
Summary
The use of dental implants is currently a common procedure in dental practice, and its use as another therapeutic tool in treatment plans for oral rehabilitation is a daily occurrence with a 95%–100%success rate [1,2,3], showing the high predictability of implant treatments and the simplicity of their application in most of the procedures in which they are necessary [4]. Loaded and conventionally loaded implants have shown implant survival rates of 98.2% and 98.5%, respectively, after two years [10]. Most patients do not want to be toothless, which explains why the immediate loading procedure and/or post-extractional implants have become a common option in most dental practices [11]. Both surgical protocols for post-extractional implants and immediate loading depend on diverse critical factors [12]. The cumulative survival rate for post-extractional dental implants and immediate loading (before seven days after implant installation), as published by Gallucci et al in 2018 in the ITI (International Team for Implantology) Consensus, was 98.4% (median 100%; range 87.5%–100%)
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