Relevance of hoarding behavior and the traits of developmental disorders among university students: a self-reported assessment study

Kosuke Kajitani,Tomohiro Nakao,Rikako Tsuchimoto,Jun Nagano

doi:10.1186/s13030-019-0156-1

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that hoarding behavior usually starts at a subclinical level in early adolescence and gradually worsens; however, a limited number of studies have examined the prevalence of hoarding behavior and its association with developmental disorders in young adults. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of hoarding behavior and to identify correlations between hoarding behavior and developmental disorder traits in university students.MethodsThe study participants included 801 university students (616 men, 185 women) who completed questionnaires (ASRS: Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1, AQ16: Autism-Spectrum Quotient with 16 items, and CIR: Clutter Image Rating).ResultsAmong 801 participants, 27 (3.4%) exceeded the CIR cut-off score. Moreover, the participants with hoarding behavior had a significantly higher percentage of ADHD traits compared to participants without hoarding behavior (HB(+) vs HB(−), 40.7% vs 21.7%). In addition, 7.4% of HB(+) participants had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits, compared to 4.1% of HB(−) participants. A correlation analysis revealed that the CIR composite score had a stronger correlation with the ASRS inattentive score than with the hyperactivity/impulsivity score (CIR composite vs ASRS IA, r = 0.283; CIR composite vs ASRS H/I, r = 0.147).ConclusionsThe results showed a high prevalence of ADHD traits in the university students with hoarding behavior. Moreover, we found that the hoarding behavior was more strongly correlated with inattentive symptoms rather than with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Our results support the concept of a common pathophysiology behind hoarding behavior and ADHD in young adults.

Highlights

Previous studies have shown that hoarding behavior usually starts at a subclinical level in early adolescence and gradually worsens; a limited number of studies have examined the prevalence of hoarding behavior and its association with developmental disorders in young adults
We examined the correlations between hoarding behavior and developmental disorder traits among university students using a clutter image rating and self-reported questionnaires for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Questionnaires Japanese version of the adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) The ASRS is a self-reported questionnaire designed to screen for adult ADHD [20], and it consists of 18 items rated on a five-point scale (0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometimes, 3 = often, 4 = very often)

Summary

Introduction

Previous studies have shown that hoarding behavior usually starts at a subclinical level in early adolescence and gradually worsens; a limited number of studies have examined the prevalence of hoarding behavior and its association with developmental disorders in young adults. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of hoarding behavior and to identify correlations between hoarding behavior and developmental disorder traits in university students. The prevalence of hoarding behavior in the general population has been reported to be 2–6%, suggesting that hoarding behavior is not rare [4, 7, 8]. In Kajitani et al BioPsychoSocial Medicine (2019) 13:13 addition to the growing body of scientific literature, hoarding has been gathering public attention in the media, including on television [9, 10]. Even in Japan’s media, hoarding behavior is sometimes reported as “gomi-yashiki,” literally meaning rubbish (gomi) house (yashiki). Overall, hoarding behavior is a growing social problem in advanced countries

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