Release of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 from Human Tooth Dentin after Application of Either ProRoot MTA or Biodentine as a Coronal Barrier

Abstract

IntroductionVarious factors may influence intracanal calcification in teeth treated with regenerative endodontic procedures. Bioactive materials, including ProRoot MTA (MTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Memphis, TN) and Biodentine (BD; Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France), have been widely used as a coronal barrier in the final step of regenerative endodontic procedures. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of either MTA or BD after application as a coronal barrier on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) release from root canal dentin and to observe the impact of these materials on human apical papilla cell (APC) mineralization. MethodsEither MTA or BD was applied in enlarged root canals of human root segments. After storing for 14 days in phosphate-buffered saline, TGF-β1 release was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To investigate the effect of the materials on APC mineralization, APCs were grown in the presence of either the materials alone or material-filled root segments. Cell mineralization was quantified after 14 and 21 days using alizarin red S staining. Calcium deposits were quantitatively analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with the significance level at .05. ResultsThe greatest amount of TGF-β1 release was observed in the root segments treated with BD. BD, used either alone or as a coronal barrier, promoted greater APC mineralization than did MTA on both days 14 and 21. Interestingly, when BD was applied as a coronal barrier, the mineralization effect was significantly reduced compared with the use of the materials alone (P < .05). ConclusionsWhen used as a coronal barrier, BD promoted the release of TGF-β1 from the root canal dentin. A higher mineralization effect was observed with BD than with MTA.