Abstract
Piezoelectric and dielectric materials have attracted much attention for their functional device applications. Despite its excellent piezoelectric properties, the content of lead in piezoelectric materials should be restricted to prevent future environmental problems. Therefore, reduced lead content in piezoelectric materials with similar piezoelectric properties is favorable. In our research, piezoelectric materials with decreased lead content will be studied and discussed. Even though the lead content is decreased in Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–PbTiO3 ceramics, they show piezoelectric properties similar to that of lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based materials. We believe this high piezoelectric behavior is related to the relaxation behavior of Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–PbTiO3 (BMT–PT) ceramics. In this study, 0.62Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–0.38PbTiO3 ceramics were prepared by the conventional sintering process. These piezoelectric ceramics were sintered at varying temperatures of 975–1100 °C. Crystallinity and structural properties were analyzed and discussed. X-ray diffraction pattern analysis demonstrated that the optimal sintering temperature was around 1075 °C. A very high Curie temperature of 447 °C was recorded for 0.62BMT–0.38PT ceramics sintered at 1075 °C. For the first time, we found that the origin of the high Curie temperature, d33, and the dielectric constant is the relaxation behavior of different dipoles in 0.62BMT–0.38PT ceramics.
Highlights
Since the discovery of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) in the 1950s, it has been applied in piezoelectric transducers, actuators, and sensors because of its excellent piezoelectric properties [1]
A very high Curie temperature of 447 °C was recorded for 0.62BMT–0.38PT ceramics sintered at 1075 °C. 0.62BMT–0.38PT piezoelectric
A very high Curie temperature of 447 ◦ C was recorded for 0.62BMT–0.38PT ceramics sintered at 1075 ◦ C. 0.62BMT–0.38PT piezoelectric ceramics have a reduced lead content and high piezoelectric charge coefficient of 237 pC/N and can, be used in piezoelectric applications where the environment is harsh
Summary
Since the discovery of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) in the 1950s, it has been applied in piezoelectric transducers, actuators, and sensors because of its excellent piezoelectric properties [1]. PZT is important in new high-precision switchable measurement methods, where dielectric properties are highly important. These methods compensate for environmental effects, voltage offset, frequency drift, and temperature influence, as previously reported in [2,3,4]. Due to its outstanding piezoelectric and mechanical properties, ceramic-based PZT actuators have received a great deal of attention in the industry. It is desirable to use materials with a low lead content to avoid environmental problems [5,6,7,8]. There is a great need to discover piezoelectric materials that have a low lead content while still having favorable characteristics like those of PZT ceramics
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