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Abstract
Operation of the S-1 device in a high-current-density ($\frac{j}{{n}_{e}}\ensuremath{\ge}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ A m) regime has created high-electron-temperature spheromaks ($50 \mathrm{eV}\ensuremath{\le}{T}_{e}\ensuremath{\le}130 \mathrm{eV}$). The mechanisms and causes of the periodic relaxation events often observed in these hotter plasmas were made clear. A relationship between the MHD relaxation cycle and confinement was revealed for the first time. Resistive loss at the outer edge causes a departure from the initial force-free minimum-energy Taylor state to an MHD profile unstable to low-$n$ ideal MHD modes; a relaxation event then returns the configuration to a Taylor state.
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