Abstract
The function of the present study was to assess the relative effectiveness of frontalis electromyographic (EMG) feedback and relaxation instructions as intervention methods with sleep-onset insomnia. Twenty-four subjects tracked their sleep behavior (time required to fall asleep, hours of sleep, times awake) for 2 weeks prior to intervention, throughout intervention, and for 1 week following intervention. A 3- and 12-month follow-up was also conducted. After a 2-week preintervention self-monitoring phase, each subject received 6 biweekly sessions of relaxation instructions, frontalis electromyographic feedback, or a control prodedure. Both the EMG feedback and relaxation instructions group demonstrated significantly greater improvement than the control group but did not differ significantly from each other. There was no significant difference between the three groups in frontalis EMG before or after treatment.
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