Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions. II. Compression of nuclear matter and the phase transition to the quark-gluon plasma

Abstract

We investigate the compression of nuclear matter in relativistic hydrodynamics. Nuclear matter is described by a σ-ω-type model for the hadron matter phase and by the MIT bag model for the quark-gluon plasma, with a first order phase transition between both phases. In the presence of phase transitions, hydrodynamical solutions change qualitatively, for instance, one-dimensional stationary compression is no longer accomplished by a single shock but via a sequence of shock and compressional simple waves. We construct the analytical solution to the “slab-on-slab” collision problem over a range of incident velocities. The performance of numerical algorithms to solve relativistic hydrodynamics is then investigated for this particular test case. Consequences for the early compressional stage in heavy-ion collisions are pointed out.