Relativistic effects in comparisons of time scales by means of transportable quantum clocks time and frequency measurements

Abstract

Formulas to describe the action of relativistic effects on the timing frequency of a clock are derived. Estimates of the relativistic shifts in frequency that occur as a clock travels by airplane or motor vehicle are given. The influence of gravitational anomalies on the Earth on the precision with which a relativistic correction is determined as a function of the route followed by the clock is estimated. A formula for calculating the correction with the use of GPS–GLONASS is presented.