Abstract
An analysis according to the principles of special and general relativity and less restrictive Newtonian gravity proves the dynamic effects to be substantial for the expanding universe. With the resulting dynamic critical density, typically greater than the standard critical density, I am able to identify the hypothetical cold dark matter (CDM) as being an artifact of the Friedmann‐Robertson‐Walker equation that is insufficient to describe the dynamic effects. With the included special-relativistic dynamic effects, I can now predict the cosmic data with two parameters, matter and the cosmological constant, without the CDM at least on a large scale.
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