Abstract
We have investigated the possibility of increasing the efficiency of a moderately relativistic backward-wave tube (BWT) by longitudinal modification of the phase velocity profile of the synchronous (−1) spatial harmonic. We have shown theoretically that the efficiency of oscillators with a nonuniform electrodynamic system may reach 60% in the approximation of a near zero space-charge field. We have found that the use of nonuniform periodic structures leads to reduction of the critical value of the space-charge field, and also impairment of the adaptive properties of the device. In our experiments, we have realized backward-wave oscillators (BWO) with 40% efficiency and microwave radiation power of 500 MW.
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