Abstract
Background. Food frequency questionnaires are used to assess dietary intake in epidemiological studies. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the relative validity and reproducibility of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Validity was evaluated by comparing the data generated by QFFQs to those of 24-hour recalls (24 hrs). QFFQs were applied twice per patient to assess reproducibility. Statistical analysis included performing t-tests, obtaining Pearson correlation coefficients when necessary, correcting measurements for randomness by the weighted kappa method, calculating intraclass correlation coefficients, and generating Bland-Altman plots (P < 0,05). Results. The total energy and nutrient intake as estimated by the QFFQs were significantly higher than those from 24 hrs. Pearson correlation coefficients for energy-adjusted, deattenuated data ranged from 0.32 (protein) to 0.75 (lipid, unsaturated fat and calcium). Weighted kappa values ranged from 0.15 (vitamin C) to 0.45 (calcium). Bland-Altman plots indicated acceptable validity. As for reproducibility, intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.24 (calcium) to 0.65 (lipid), and the Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between the two questionnaires. Conclusion: The QFFQ presented an acceptable ability to classify correctly and with good reproducibility, adolescents with type 1 diabetes according to their levels of dietary intake.
Highlights
The goals of type 1 diabetes treatment in adolescents are to keep patients free of symptoms, prevent acute and chronic complications of hyperglycaemia, avert episodes of hypoglycaemia, control weight, prevent dyslipidemia, and maintain normal growth and development rates
At the time the study was outlined, there were 170 adolescents registered at the EOC-Clinical Hospital (CH), 20% of whom (34 adolescents) were selected to evaluate the food items that were to be included in the quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ)
It is of note that QFFQ overestimated intake relative to 24-hour recall (24hR)
Summary
The goals of type 1 diabetes treatment in adolescents are to keep patients free of symptoms, prevent acute and chronic complications of hyperglycaemia, avert episodes of hypoglycaemia, control weight, prevent dyslipidemia, and maintain normal growth and development rates. Several methods have been developed to assess dietary intake of individuals and populations. Food frequency questionnaires are used to assess dietary intake in epidemiological studies. The aim of the study was to assess the relative validity and reproducibility of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Statistical analysis included performing ttests, obtaining Pearson correlation coefficients when necessary, correcting measurements for randomness by the weighted kappa method, calculating intraclass correlation coefficients, and generating Bland-Altman plots (P < 0, 05). As for reproducibility, intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.24 (calcium) to 0.65 (lipid), and the Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between the two questionnaires. Conclusion: The QFFQ presented an acceptable ability to classify correctly and with good reproducibility, adolescents with type 1 diabetes according to their levels of dietary intake
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