Abstract
The relative toxicity of 20 rice insecticides to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant) and their predators, the wolf spider Lycosa pseudoannulata (Boes et Str.) and the mirid bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) was determined by the topical application method. Relative toxicity was based on the LD 50 value for each chemical, using the predator divided by the LD 50 value obtained using the hoppers. Relative toxicity ratios of the insecticides varied greatly, depending upon the predator:pest combination. Deltamethrin was highly toxic to L. pseudoannulata and C. lividipennis whereas ethylan was 65 and 21 times more toxic to N. lugens than to the two predators, respectively. Overall, ethylan had the highest relative toxicity ratio of the 20 insecticides, being safest to the two natural enemy species.
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